Dampak Globalisasi terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia

Delaila Grasela Tfuakani; Agnes Loda Tukan; Elkana Welhelmus Dimu Mangngi; Enike Tje Yustin Dima

doi:10.37481/sjr.v8i3.1176

Authors

Delaila Grasela Tfuakani Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira kupang
Agnes Loda Tukan Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang
Elkana Welhelmus Dimu Mangngi Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang
Enike Tje Yustin Dima Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v8i3.1176

Keywords:

Globalization, Indonesian Economy, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, Economic Policy

Abstract

Globalization has transformed the structure of national economies by enhancing cross-border trade, investment, and technological flows. In Indonesia, this phenomenon presents both opportunities and risks. The country benefits from increased foreign direct investment (FDI), export expansion, and access to advanced technologies, which have collectively supported economic growth and job creation. However, globalization also exposes Indonesia to external vulnerabilities, such as fluctuations in global commodity prices, balance of payments pressures, and financial market instability. This study aims to analyze the dual impact of globalization positive and negative on Indonesia’s economy, with a particular focus on international trade flows, foreign investment, industrial competitiveness, and economic inequality. Using a literature review method, the study synthesizes data and findings from relevant academic publications, policy reports, and credible sources. The analysis reveals that while globalization accelerates economic integration and productivity, it also widens income disparity and weakens the domestic industrial base in the absence of adaptive national policies. Indonesia's heavy reliance on imported goods and short-term capital inflows further increases economic fragility. Therefore, strategic policy responses are essential to mitigate the adverse effects and harness the benefits of globalization. These include strengthening domestic industries, enhancing human capital, and promoting inclusive economic development. The study concludes that globalization, if managed wisely, can serve as a catalyst for sustainable and equitable growth in Indonesia.

References

Ahn, J., & Duval, R. (2019). Trading with conditions: The effect of trade policy on global supply chains. IMF Working Paper, WP/19/109. https://www.imf.org

Alfaro, L., & Chen, M. (2020). Foreign direct investment and productivity: Identifying channels of spillovers. Review of Economics and Statistics, 102(3), 453–467.

ASEAN Secretariat. (2021). ASEAN Economic Integration Brief: Advancing regional recovery. https://asean.org

Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. (2023). Laporan realisasi investasi Indonesia 2022. https://www.bkpm.go.id

Baldwin, R. (2019). The Globotics Upheaval: Globalization, robotics, and the future of work. Oxford University Press.

Baldwin, R. (2022). The Great Convergence: Information technology and the new globalization. Harvard University Press.IMF. (2023). Indonesia: Staff report for the 2023 Article IV Consultation. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org

Bourguignon, F. (2020). Inequality and globalization: How the rich get richer as the poor catch up. Foreign Affairs, 99(2), 13–21.

Bowen, G. A. (2021). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 21(2), 127–135.

Czaika, M., & Reinprecht, C. (2020). Drivers of migration in contemporary global contexts. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(12), 2459–2474.

Durach, C. F., Kembro, J., & Wieland, A. (2017). A new paradigm for systematic literature reviews in supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 53(4), 67–85.

Gereffi, G., & Fernandez-Stark, K. (2021). Global value chain analysis: A primer. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness. https://www.globalvaluechains.org

Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2022). International Economics: Theory and Policy (11th ed.). Pearson.

Kuncoro, M. (2020). Dampak perdagangan bebas terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 21(2), 89–105.

Lee, E., & Vivarelli, M. (2021). The social impact of globalization in developing countries. International Labour Review, 160(1), 41–62.

Milanovic, B. (2019). Capitalism, Alone: The future of the system that rules the world. Harvard University Press.

Narula, R. (2019). Enforcing economic upgrading in global value chains: The double role of FDI. Transnational Corporations, 26(3), 35–60.

OECD. (2022). Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2022: Addressing energy challenges. OECD Publishing.

Pernia, E. M., & Quibria, M. G. (2020). Globalization and financial volatility in emerging Asia. Asian Development Review, 37(1), 1–25.

Piketty, T. (2020). Capital and Ideology. Harvard University Press.

Rodrik, D. (2019). Straight talk on trade: Ideas for a sane world economy. Princeton University Press.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2020). Globalization and its discontents revisited: Anti-globalization in the era of Trump. W.W. Norton & Company.

Tambunan, T. T. H. (2020). UMKM di Indonesia: Kinerja dan isu strategis. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 21(1), 15–28.

Tang, K., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Commodity dependence and export diversification: Evidence from Asia-Pacific economies. Resources Policy, 74, 102343.

UNCTAD. (2022). World Investment Report 2022: International tax reforms and sustainable investment. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

World Bank. (2023). Indonesia Economic Prospects: Investing in inclusive growth. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/publication/iep.